What is Pituitary Adenoma?
Most of the pituitary tumors in the pituitary gland,
situated at the base of the skull, are benign (non cancerous/adenomas) in
nature. Although there are some cancerous (malignant) forms of pituitary tumors
but these are very rare.
A pituitary tumor mainly develops in the frontal (anterior)
pituitary gland however the back (posterior) pituitary gland rarely develops tumors.
Normally, the pituitary gland serves as a multi-functioning gland and is
responsible for producing various hormones which are important for major
functions in the body, such as the growth hormones and other ‘master-hormones’
that regulate the secretion of chemicals and other hormones from the other
organs and glands inside the body.
Causes of Pituitary Macroadenoma
Mostly, pituitary macroadenoma tumors tend to develop
sporadically and almost instantly. However the reason at the cellular-level
which leads to abnormal hormonal production and abnormal cellular growth in the
pituitary gland is not yet known.
Symptoms of Pituitary Macroadenoma
Usually, the signs and symptoms of Pituitary Macroadenoma
are noticeable after the level of hormones in the body becomes abnormal as well
as the effect on the cardiovascular structure around it.
The size and the exact location of the pituitary tumor in
the gland is what mainly decides the symptoms as well as the effect (whether
over-production or under-production) on hormone production. The fact whether
the pituitary tumor is applying pressure on the surrounding vascular or neural
structure also influences the set of symptoms that the person will experience.
Treating Pituitary Macroadenoma
There are mainly three treatment methods used commonly to
treat the various forms of Pituitary Macroadenoma. These are:
- Medical
- Radiotherapy
- Surgical
In some complex cases the treatment procedures may be
combined as deemed necessary by the team of expert medical professionals attending
you.
The main aim of these forms of treatment for Pituitary
Macroadenoma is to:
- Regulate hormonal levels in the body
- Reduce undue pressure from the tumor on surrounding blood vessels (vascular system) or nerves (neurological structure) around it
The treatment methods aim to:
- Improve quality of life
- Ensure survival
- Relief from painful and disabling signs and symptoms
- Preventing complications from developing
- Controlling over-production/under-production of hormones to normal levels
- Preserving/Recovering (if possible) normal functions in the affected pituitary gland
- · Preventing the tumor from recurring (developing again)
Surgical Treatment for Pituitary Macroadenoma
The surgical removal of pituitary tumors is one of the most
common treatment methods for Pituitary Macroadenoma today. Earlier this surgery
used to be performed using conventional (open-type) surgical approach however
lately with the advances in surgical science it is possible to perform surgical
removal of pituitary tumors using minimally invasive endoscopic or microscopic
approach. Pituitary tumor surgery success rate is about 60% with growth-hormone secreting
macroadenomas.
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