Hyperthyroidism - An Overactive Thyroid

Overview

Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid.  The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and releases hormones that control the metabolism, heart rate, breathing, weight, nervous system, the temperature of the boy, and various other functions in the body. When the thyroid gland is hyperthyroidism the body’s processes speed up and the patient can experience excessive sweating, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, hand tremor, nervousness, anxiety and sleep problems. In this condition, the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism accelerates the patient’s body's metabolism significantly. Hyperthyroidism condition can cause sudden weight-loss in women, irregular or rapid heartbeat, sweating, and nervousness or irritability. Hyperthyroidism condition can be serious if ignored it, most people respond well once hyperthyroidism is diagnosed and treated.

Causes of Hyperthyroidism

There are various reasons that cause hyperthyroidism condition.

Graves' disease which is an autoimmune disorder is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. This disease causes antibodies to stimulate the thyroid so that they can secrete too many hormones. Graves’ disease mostly occurs in women. This disease tends to genetic. These are some other causes that can also lead to the condition of hyperthyroidism:-

•    Excess intake of iodine.

•    Inflammation of the thyroid.

•    Tumors in ovaries.

•    Benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland.

•    Intake of Large amounts of tetraiodothyronine through dietary supplements or medication.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

·         Nervousness.

·         Low tolerance for heat.

·         Irregular heartbeat.

·         Inability to concentrate.

·         Inability to concentrate on anything.

·         Rapid heart rate.

·         Hand tremors.

·         Frequent bowel movements.

·         Increased appetite.

·         Elevated blood pressure.

·         Weight loss.

·         Irregular menstrual cycles in women.

·         Weakness.

·         Restlessness.

·         Difficulty in sleeping.

·         Dizziness.

·         Nausea and vomiting.

·         Itching.

·         Hair loss.

·         Shortness of breath.

·         Loss of consciousness.

Treatment for Hyperthyroidism

Medication: - Antithyroid medications such as propylthiouracil or methimazole are given to the patient to stop the thyroid from making hormones. Intake of medications can have several side effects on a patient such as white blood cell count. Medicines called beta-blockers are also prescribed to the patients to treat symptoms such as tremor, fast heart rate, anxiety and sweating until the hyperthyroidism is under control.

Radioactive Iodine: - Radioactive iodine is given to the patient to destroy the cells that produce hormones. Antithyroid medications and radioactive iodine are the common treatments to treat hyperthyroidism condition.

Surgery: - A surgery is performed to remove a part or the entire thyroid gland. Prior to the surgery, the surgeons advise the patients to intake a thyroid hormone supplements to prevent hypothyroidism which occurs when the patient has underactive thyroid that secretes too little hormone. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol helps in controlling the blood pressure, anxiety, rapid pulse and sweating. Most patients respond well to this treatment.

Hyperthyroidism treatment in India

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