Brief Introduction about Alzheimer's Disease

Overview

Many adults specially the older ones usually forget someone’s name or forget things from time to time. This kind of forgetfulness is normal. But, unable to remember how to get home, getting confused in places a person knows very well, or asking questions over and over can be signs of a more serious problem. The person may have Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, deteriorating illness that destroys the brain's nerve cells, or neurons, causing loss of memory, thinking and language skills, and behavioral fluctuations.

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

2 types of abnormal lesions block the brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease: Beta-amyloid plaques are sticky clumps of protein fragments and cellular substance that form outside and around neurons; and neurofibrillary tangles are insoluble twisted fibers largely made of the protein tau that builds up inside nerve cells.

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease

At first, people have difficulty remembering recent events, though they might easily recall things that happened years ago. As time goes by, other symptoms can appear, including:

·         Trouble focusing

·         Unable to perform regular activities

·         Feeling confused or frustrated, especially at night

·         Intense mood swings, outbursts of anger, anxiety, and depression

·         Feeling disoriented and getting lost easily

·         Physical complications, such as an odd walk or poor coordination

·         Trouble communicating

·         People with Alzheimer's might forget their dear ones.

·         They might even forget how to dress themselves, feed themselves, and use the toilet.

How is the Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosed?

There's no specific test today that confirms you have Alzheimer's disease. But doctors usually perform these tests -

·         Physical and Neurological Examination by testing your muscles, reflexes, coordination, getting up from a chair and sense of sight and hearing.

·         Blood tests to check thyroid disorders or vitamin deficiencies.

·         Mental status test to judge your memory and other thinking skills.

·         Brain Imaging test is done to check visible signs of the disease and other signs that may change the patient’s behavior. These include MRI, PET and CT scans.

·         Genetic testing is an emerging diagnosing tool used to check for signs of the disease.

Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

There is no proper cure available for Alzheimer’s and researchers are still exploring reasons for the causes of the diseases and how it leads to memory loss. Different treatment options are –

·      Medicines related to behavioral symptoms, related to anxiety & depression, the ones that reduce confusion, aggression, agitation or hallucinations.

·       Alternative medicines like Omega 3 fatty acids, Vitamin E and Gingko can help ease the effects of the disease.

·         Healthy combinations of food can keep these patients healthy.

·         Exercise can also promote restful sleep and prevent constipation.

·         Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

·         Art and music therapies

·         Creating a Safe and supportive environment.

·         Control Stress

Although there are no medicines to cure the disease or reverse its progression, certain modifications in the life style and a healthy diet can help in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s and slowing down its progression.

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